الروابط في الانجليزيه

عندما
نريد ربط جملتين نستخدم رابط ويلاحظ انه اذا ربطنا جملتين بسيطتين باداه ربط فانها
تسمى جمله معقده وهم انواع :

اولا:
روابط لصفات متساويه

و	and
وكل من	Both………and
او	or
اما .... او	Either……or
ولا ....... ولا	Neither ……..nor

Ø He
is lazy. He is irresponsible.
ð
He is lazy and irresponsible.

Ø Your
parents wouldn't approve of such bad behavior. Your teacher wouldn't approve of
such bad behavior

ð
Neither your parents nor your teacher would
approve…….

ثانيا:
روابط لاعطاء معلومات اضافيه

nالروابط
هى
:

ايضا	Too
ليس فقط	Not only
ولكن ايضا	But also
لكن	But
علاوه على ذلك	Further more
كذلك	As well

n وهناك روابط اخرى لاعطاء معلومات اضافيه
ولكنها تتبع بفعل Ving ...

بالاضافه الى	beside
	In addition to
	As well as

Ø He
lost his job. He lost most of his friends.

ð
As well as losing his job, he lost most of his
friends.

n هناك قاعده : not only …….. but…….as
well
( ليس فقط ..... لكن
..... كذلك )

He
not only lost his job but most of his friends as well

ومن
الممكن ان يلى not
only ماضى تام ولكنه سيكون معكوس اى ان well
had اولا ثم as وp.p

(Not
only + had P.P + باقى
الجمله + but also ماضى
بسيط)

Ø Not
only
had I met Ahmed but also I took his mobile as
well.

ثالثا:
روابط تستخدم للتعبير عن وجود اختلاف ....

لكن	But
رغم ذلك	However
بعد	Yet
بالرغم من هذا	Nevertheless
وبطريقه اخرى	On the other hand
يتناقض مع	Contrary to
فى تعارض	In contrast to
بالمقارنه الى	In comparison

Ø She
cooks well. She hates washing up.

ðShe
cooks well but she hates washing up afterwards.

رابعاً:
روابط تستخدم للتعبير عن النتائج

nجمل
ياتى قبلهم الحدث وبعدهم النتيجه:

لذلك	So
لذلك	Therefore
بناء على ذلك	Consequently
كنتيجه لذلك	As a result
وهكذا	Thus
والا	Otherwise

Ø Hala
didn't sleep all last night. She feels very tired today.

ð
Hala didn't sleep all last night therefore she
feels very tired today.

n هناك جمل تعبر عن النتائح وتستخدم الروابط
التاليه :

جدا .... لدرجه ان	So…..that
	Such …..that

جمله
+ لدرجه ان that
+ حال / صفه +
So جداً

Ø The
fog was so thick that we couldn't see across the
street.

Ø He
made so many mistakes that he had to write the report
again.

ولتحويل
الجمله المعقده السابقه الى جمله بسيطه نستخدم too
…. To

Ø The
fog was too thick to see across the
street.

Such
(a/an) + adjective + noun + that

Ø He
was such a wise man that everyone respected
him.

خامسا:
روابط تستخدم للاستثناء

فيما عدا	But (for)
	Except for
	Apart from

Ø apart
from
her mother, every one liked Sarah's wedding dress.

سادسا
: روابط سببيه

nالنوع
الاول / هذه الروابط تتبع بجمله كامله ( فاعل وفعل ومفعول ) وهذه تسمى الجمله
المعقده

Ø We can't go out because the weather is getting worse. Ø He got high marks now that he studied hard.	لان + جمله	Because
		Since
		As
		Seeing that
		Now that

nالنوع
الثانى/اما هذه الروابط فتتبع بمصدر او فعل Ving اى يليهم جمله بسيطه وليست معقده كالسابق

Ø she got high marks due to studying hard	+ noun/ inf/ Ving	Because of
		On account of
		As a result of
		Due to
		Owing to
		Thanks to

سابعاً:
روابط تستخدم للتعبير عن الغرض من عمل شئ

جمله مصدر + فعل ناقص + فاعل	So that
	In order that

هذه
الجمله يجب ان تحتوى على فعل ناقص shall
– will – may فى حاله المضارع اما فى حاله الماضى فتكون would
– could – might .

Ø We
sold our old car. We want to buy a new car.

ðWe
sold our old car so that we may buy a new car.

ð
She
plays tennis so that she can get money

ð
They
bought a car in order to they might travel

ويمكن
تحويل الجمله المعقده الى جمله بسيطه باستخدام الروابط التاليه
...

مصدر+	So as (not) to
مصدر+	In order (not) to
+ Ving / مصدر	for

Ø We
sold our old car in order to buy a new one.

Ø I
use the electric knife for cutting meat.

Ø He
went to the coffee shop for a drink.

خشيه ان	For fear	جمله might
	lest

Ø He
fled his country for fear he might be
arrested.

For
fear of

+
noun / Ving

Ø He
fled his country for fear of being arrested.

ثامنا:
روابط تستخدم للتعبير عن التناقض

Ø He had flu. He went to school. ðAlthough he had flu, he went to school. Ø She eats a lot. She isn't overweight. ðshe eats a lot but she isn't overweight ملحوظه/ اذا بدات الجمله بـ however لابد تتبع بصفه ðHowever poor he was, he was happy.	+ جمـلــه	Though	بالرغم من
		Although
		Even though
		However
		but
Ø Although he had flu, he went to work. ðdespite having flu, he went to work ð despite the flu, he went to work	+noun / Ving	In spite of
		despite

يمكن
استخدام as بمعنى بالرغم من ولكن لها تركيبه وهى :

جمله
+ تكلمه الجمله الاولى + as + صفه

Ø Although
he was poor, he was happy

ðPoor
as he was, he was happy

ويلاحظ
انه يمكن استخدام whereas او while بمعنى but كالاتى :

Ø I
like traveling but/while/whereas my husband
doesn't.

تاسعا:
روابط للتعبير عن الاشتراط

If
– unless – without – but for بدون – in case – provided that لو

§
Unless
= if not

§
Without
/ but for (= if not) + Ving/noun

§
In
caseلو
+ Ving / noun

Ø They
would have found the pen if they had dug the
ground.

ðWithout
dugging the ground, they wouldn't have found the
pen.

عاشر:
روابط زمنيه

·
Before
/ when / by the time + ماض
بسيط + ماض
تام

·
After
/ as soon as + ماض
تام + ماض
بسيط

·
ماض
بسيط منفى + until +
ماض
تام

·
While
/ as / just as + ماض
مستمر + ماض
بسيط

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