A Tale of Two Cities

هذا هو التلخيص بالعربي

قصة مدينتين (1859) هي العمل الثاني من عملين روائيين تاريخيين كتبهما
تشارلز ديكنز. وككثير من قصصه، كتبت قصة مدينتين بالأصل وبيعت كأجزاء، جزء
واحد كل مرة، والكتاب يعتمد اعتماداً أقل على الشخصية فاهتمامها كان على
إثارة الحكاية التي تتطور. وقد وضعت في لندن وباريس في زمن الانتفاضة
الاجتماعية الكبرى للثورة الفرنسية (1789-1799)، بما في هذه الفترة الرهيبة
بين أبريل 1793 ويوليو 1794 حين مات 40.000 إنساناً، ويبين الكتاب أسباب
الثورة وتأثيراتها على حياة الناس اليومية. وتفاصيل الكتاب التاريخية
موضوعه على أساس العمل العظيم لصديق تشارلز ديكنز، ثوماس كارليل: الثورة
الفرنسية، وقد قام ديكنز نفسه بعدة رحلات إلى باريس، وزار مواقع الثورة
التاريخية الباقية. وقد كانت بريطانيا في زمن ديكنز أقل استقراراً بكثير
مما هي اليوم، وكان كثير من الناس يشعرون بأن انتفاضة شعبية ضد الطبقات
الأغنى خطر قائم باستمرار. لذلك اهتموا اهتماماً عظيماً بالدروس التي
سيتعلمونها من التجربة الفرنسية.

وتروي القصة أيضاُ الحكاية الأكثر خصوصية لـ سيدمي كارتون، وقراره النهائي
أن يضع خير ألآخرين أمام شعوره الطبيعي في حفظ الذات. وقد أصبحت القطعة في
نهاية الكتاب التي يوضح فيها قراره أحد أشهر القطع في الأدب الإنجليزي.

حجز دكتور مانيت، وهو طبيب فرنسي، في سجن الباستيل الرهيب لسنين عديدة. وقد
وجدته ابنته لوسي والسيد لوري، اللذان ذهبا إلى باريس في البحث عنه، نصف
مخبول. فيأخذانه عائدين إلى لندن، حيث تتحسن صحته وذاكرته تدريجياً. وبعد
خمس سنوات، يحاكم الفرنسي تشارلز دارني في لندن بتهم تجسس. ويطلق سراحه،
لأنه جزئياً شبيه جداً في المظهر من المحامي سيدني كارتون، وهذا الشبه يصبح
حتى أهم فيما بعد في القصة. ويقع كلا من دارني وكارتون في حب لوسي. في
الوقت نفسه، تندلع الثورة في فرنسا. ويضطر دارني أن يعرض حياته للخطر
بعودته إلى هناك ليساعد جابي الضرائب، جابيل وتحلق لوسي وأبوها دكتور مانيت
بـ دارني، فتدركهما الأحداث المثيرة التي تلي.




وهذه ترجمتها بالانجليزي
ما اعرف ان كانت دقيقة ولكن تقريبية

A tale of two cities (1859) is the second work of two historic numbers
written by Charles Dickens. And like many explains, I wrote a tale of
two cities originally sold as parts, one part each time, the book relies
less on the personal Its was to raise the evolving story. Have been in
London and Paris at a time of great social uprising of the French
Revolution (1789 - 1799), including in this terrible period between
April 1793 and July 1794 when 40.000 people died, and the book shows the
causes and effects of the revolution on the daily lives of people. The
details of the book are based on historical feat to a friend of Charles
Dickens, Thomas Carlyle : the French Revolution, Dickens has the same
number of trips to Paris and visited historic sites revolution
remaining. The Britain in the time Dickens was much less stable than it
is today, and many people feel that a popular uprising against the
wealthier classes a risk continuously. For that kind enough attention to
the lessons great subjects of the French experience. The story also
tells the story of the most privacy Sidmi cardboard, and the final
decision to put others in front of the best natural sense of
self-preservation. The piece has become at the end of the book, which
explains his decision to one of the most pieces of literature in
English. Arrest Dr. Mannet, a French physician, in the terrible Bastille
prison for many years. The grandmother, daughter Lucy and Mr. Laurie,
who went to Paris in the search for him, half Wacko. Viakhmanh returning
to London, where his health improved and his memory gradually. After
five years, the French tried Charles Darne in London on charges of
espionage. And he will be released, partly because it is very similar in
appearance from lawyer Sydney Carton, and the similarities become so
important later in the story. It is both Darne and cardboard in love
with Lucy. At the same time, the eruption of the revolution in France.
Forced Darne that putting his life in danger of his return there to help
Gabi taxes, Jabil and flying Lucy and her father, Dr. Mannet b Darne,
Weakens the dramatic events that followed

1. Why did Dickens start the novel with so many contradictions?
Dickens started the novel with so many contradictions to give us a view of the extreme differences between the classes at that time. The nobles were living in comfort and luxury and the common people were living in poverty and misery . The king of England was too busy with his wars to worry about his own people’s poverty. The king of France and the nobles were concerned with their own pleasure and wealth. Both kings were too busy to worry about the poor hungry lower classes that began to make plans to get rid of their rulers.

1. Speak about the terrible conditions in France in the setting scene.
· People were living in terrible poverty and misery. And the nobles were spending money carelessly and enjoying their lives.
· Crime spread everywhere. People received cruel punishment even for small crimes. *A youth could be sentenced يحكم عليه to have his hands cut off, his tongue torn out with pincers كماشه and his body burned alive.
· As a result, there were secret plans and steps taken for a revolution.
· To revenge, trees were growing in the woods of France to be cut down to make boards used in making, silently, a terrible machine (the guillotine المقصلة ).
· The poor suffering people of France prepared the rough carts (tumbrels عربات الموتى) that would carry those who would be punished at the guillotine later on.

1.Why were private messages delivered in code?
At those times, people feared each other because there were many crimes on the roads. People could be attacked by highwaymen everywhere. They suspected each other. So private messages were delivered in code in order not to be recognized.
2.What surprising news did Mr. Lorry tell Luice?
He told her about her father who she supposed was dead. Her father was found alive after spending 18 year in the Bastille. He was set free and taken to the house of one of his servant in Paris.
3.How was the Manette's family affected after the sudden disappearance of Dr. Manette?
Dr Manette disappeared suddenly and mysteriously. His wife feared that some enemy might have sent him to prison by a letter from the king. She tried to search for him everywhere but couldn't find him. She became deeply sad and died from a broken heart.
Lucie who was told that her father died became orphan and was left alone in the world.

Chapter One Recalled To Life
The Period
The year is 1775 and the settings are London and Paris, two lands ruled by monarchs. England is on the brink of the American Revolution. The French Revolution seems inevitable, with trees waiting to be converted to guillotines and the spirit of rebellion silently infecting the countryside. Similar disturbances are common across England, with highway robberies on the increase and thievery reaching all the way into high society. Executions are common for both minor and major offenses.
The Mail
Mr. Jarvis Lorry, a confidential clerk at Tellson's Bank of London, is on his way to Dover in a mail-coach. It is a cold night and he is wrapped up to the ears, so his physical appearance is concealed from his fellow-passengers, all of whom are strangers. The coachman fears his passengers just as they fear one another, since highway robberies are exceedingly common and any of them could be in league with robbers. So when he hears a horse galloping towards the coach on the road, he becomes fearful.
Jerry Cruncher, the rider of the horse, asks for Mr. Lorry, giving him a paper message to wait at Dover for a young lady. Mr. Lorry's cryptic reply is, "recalled to life." After this exchange, Mr. Lorry gets back in the coach, which continues to Dover. Jerry pauses and reflects on the long, hard gallop he had from London and muses to himself that he has been given a very strange message.
The Night Shadows
All humans are mysteries to one another. Despite the availability of their outer appearances, the three passengers remain a mystery to one another as they advance upon Dover. Jerry Cruncher returns to Temple Bar remaining uneasy about the cryptic message.
Mr. Lorry dozes off and begins to dream in the coach, imagining the comforting environment of Tellson's Bank. He is then confronted by what he calls a spectre: a man who has been buried for eighteen years and has dug his way out. A conversation that Mr. Lorry's brain repeats three times with this spectre confirms that he has been buried for eighteen years. As the sun rises, Mr. Lorry wakes up from his dream and surveys the vivid countryside, pitying a man who would be locked away from nature for eighteen years.
The Preparation
Mr. Lorry arrives in Dover in the mail coach, settles in, and takes his breakfast alone in the coffee-room. A conversation with a waiter establishes that Tellson's Bank operates both in London and Paris, but Mr. Lorry has not traveled to Paris for fifteen years. Mr. Lorry finishes his breakfast, strolls by the ocean, and then returns for a bottle of claret. His peace is disrupted by a lady referred to as Mam'selle (Miss Manette), who requests to see him immediately.
He sees her in her room and expresses emotion at the sight of her, recalling that he carried her as a babe in arms across the Channel. Miss Manette is an orphan whose financial affairs are managed by Tellson's Bank, and she was informed that Mr. Lorry would accompany her on a journey to France--and that he would have some surprising news for her. After a few false starts, Mr. Lorry manages to compose himself and tell Miss Manette that her French father (who had married an Englishwoman, who was Miss Manette's mother) was still alive in France. He was recovered after years of imprisonment and is now living in the house of an old servant in Paris.
Miss Manette understands what a wreck her father must be, and she is distressed to imagine that she is being carried to see her father's ghost, rather than her real father. Mr. Lorry describes their mission as one to spirit him away from France to England--and that they should avoid naming the matter, explaining the rescue as the enigmatic experience of being "recalled to life." Miss Manette is overcome, and she swoons. Her servant comes to her rescue, pushing Mr. Lorry out of the way to administer smelling-salts.