قصيده my last duchess

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ة "My Last Duchess"

"My Last Duchess"
Complete Text
That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now: Fra Pandolf's hands
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.
Will't please you sit and look at her? I said
"Fra Pandolf" by design, for never read
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)
And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,
How such a glance came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, 'twas not
Her husband's presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the Duchess' cheek: perhaps
Fra Pandolf chanced to say "Her mantle laps
Over my lady's wrist too much," or "Paint
Must never hope to reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies along her throat": such stuff
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough
For calling up that spot of joy. She had
A heart---how shall I say?---too soon made glad,
Too easily impressed; she liked whate'er
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.
Sir, 'twas all one! My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the West,
The bough of cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace---all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least. She thanked men,---good! but thanked
Somehow---I know not how---as if she ranked
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody's gift. Who'd stoop to blame
This sort of trifling? Even had you skill
In speech---(which I have not)---to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, "Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark"---and if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,
---E'en then would be some stooping; and I choose
Never to stoop. Oh sir, she smiled, no doubt,
Whene'er I passed her; but who passed without
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands
As if alive. Will't please you rise? We'll meet
The company below, then. I repeat,
The Count your master's known munificence
Is ample warrant that no just pretence
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;
Though his fair daughter's self, as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we'll go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!

Summary
This poem is loosely based on historical events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who lived in the 16th century. The Duke is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke's marriage (he has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family. As he shows the visitor through his palace, he stops before a portrait of the late Duchess, apparently a young and lovely girl. The Duke begins reminiscing about the portrait sessions, then about the Duchess herself. His musings give way to a diatribe on her disgraceful behavior: he claims she flirted with everyone and did not appreciate his "gift of a nine-hundred-years- old name." As his monologue continues, the reader realizes with ever-more chilling certainty that the Duke in fact caused the Duchess's early demise: when her behavior escalated, "[he] gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together." Having made this disclosure, the Duke returns to the business at hand: arranging for another marriage, with another young girl. As the Duke and the emissary walk leave the painting behind, the Duke points out other notable artworks in his collection.
Form

"My Last Duchess" comprises rhyming pentameter lines. The lines do not employ end-stops; rather, they use enjambment--that is, sentences and other grammatical units do not necessarily conclude at the end of lines. Consequently, the rhymes do not create a sense of closure when they come, but rather remain a subtle driving force behind the Duke's compulsive revelations. The Duke is quite a performer: he mimics others' voices, creates hypothetical situations, and uses the force of his personality to make horrifying information seem merely colorful. Indeed, the poem provides a classic example of a dramatic monologue: the speaker is clearly distinct from the poet; an audience is suggested but never appears in the poem; and the revelation of the Duke's character is the poem's primary aim.
Commentary
But Browning has more in mind than simply creating a colorful character and placing him in a picturesque historical scene. Rather, the specific historical setting of the poem harbors much significance: the Italian Renaissance held a particular fascination for Browning and his contemporaries, for it represented the flowering of the aesthetic and the human alongside, or in some cases in the place of, the religious and the moral. Thus the temporal setting allows Browning to again explore sex, violence, and aesthetics as all entangled, complicating and confusing each other: the lushness of the language belies the fact that the Duchess was punished for her natural sexuality. The Duke's ravings suggest that most of the supposed transgressions took place only in his mind. Like some of Browning's fellow Victorians, the Duke sees sin lurking in every ccorner. The reason the speaker here gives for killing the Duchess ostensibly differs from that given by the speaker of "Porphyria's Lover" for murder Porphyria; however, both women are nevertheless victims of a male desire to inscribe and fix female sexuality. The desperate need to do this mirrors the efforts of Victorian society to mold the behavior--sexual and otherwise--of individuals. For people confronted with an increasingly complex and anonymous modern world, this impulse comes naturally: to control would seem to be to conserve and stabilize. The Renaissance was a time when morally dissolute men like the Duke exercised absolute power, and as such it is a fascinating study for the Victorians: works like this imply that, surely, a time that produced magnificent art like the Duchess's portrait couldn't have been entirely evil in its allocation of societal control--even though it put men like the Duke in power.
A poem like "My Last Duchess" calculatedly engages its readers on a psychological level. Because we hear only the Duke's musings, we must piece the story together ourselves. Browning forces his reader to become involved in the poem in order to understand it, and this adds to the fun of reading his work. It also forces the reader to question his or her own response to the subject portrayed and the method of its portrayal. We are forced to consider, Which aspect of the poem dominates: the horror of the Duchess's fate, or the beauty of the language and the powerful dramatic development? Thus by posing this question the poem firstly tests the Victorian reader's response to the modern world--it asks, Has everyday life made you numb yet?--and secondly asks a question that must be asked of all art--it queries, Does art have a moral component, or is it merely an aesthetic exercise? In these latter considerations Browning prefigures writers like Charles Baudelaire and Oscar Wilde

my last duchess

تعتبر افضل مثال على الدراماتك مونولوج

الدرماتك مونولوج .. هو ان يكون عندك متكلم (في هذي الحالة هو الدوق الفونسو)

وعندك مستمع (اللي هو زائر للدوق)

ويكون فيه حدث

طبعا المستمع يكون صامت ولا نسمع ماذا يقول

لذلك قد يصعب فهم القصيدة ..

فالمتحدث يكلم المستمع والمستمع يرد عليه .. لكننا لا نسمع ماذا يقول المستمع

فبعض اجزاء القصيدة هي ردود الدوق على الزائر الذي لم نسمع ماذا قال اصلا

فيجب عليك انت افتراض ما يقوله الزائر كي تفهم رد الدوق

الدوق هنا يحاول ان يبرر قتله لزوجته بسبب غيرته الشديدة

وبعد ذلك علق لوحتها لكي ينظر وحده اليها

عذره هنا انها كانت تبتسم للكل .. فتبتسم له كما تبتسم لاي احد اخر

كان يعجبها كل شي واي شي !

يقول انها كانت تبتسم عندما امر بها .. ولكن من مر ولم تعطه ابتسامه مشابهه؟

فاعطى امرا بان تتوقف كل ابتساماتها (اي قتلها)

ثم علق لوحتها .. وفي القصيدة يخبر الزائر بقراراه من الزواج بفتاة اخرى

في بداية القصيدة .. يبدو ان الزائر سأله عن اللوحة

فيجيب عليه انها دوقته الاخيرة مرسومة على الحائط

تبدو وكأنها حية .. رسمها الرسام باندولف

يبدو ان الزائر سأله كيف ابتسامه جميلة كهذه توضع خلف الستارة؟

فيرد عليه انه ليس اول من فكر بهذا السؤال .. فالباقين كانوا ليسألوه لو تجرأوا

ثم يبدأ باخباره ما حدث ويقول ان حضور زوجها ليس الشي الوحيد الذي يجعلها فرحة

وانها سهلة الارضاء .. وساذجة .. وتبتسم مع الكل .. وهكذا الى نهاية القصيدة

حين يخبره بانه اعطى الامر بقتلها .. وانه سوف يتزوج مرة اخرى

انتهت

ودا تلخيص

اخر لها

-Robert Browning " My Last Duchess" :
This a dramatic monologue.
The story is based on the life of Alfonso II, an Italian Duke, whose first wife died after 3 years of marriage.
The facial features, her glance and smile reflects immense joy that is not caused by the presence of the duke only, but of other men.
The interesting thing about the poem is that it is about a murderer who is speaking of his crime very casually and in a matter-of-fact way.
His justification rests on the assumption that he has committed a crime of honor.
In his opinion he is the victim, and she is the victimizer.
The poem highlights the question of truth.
Unlike what he says about himself(that he does not have the skill to speak well), he is an excellent speaker, he is extremely good with words, and he may be deceiving us as readers.
We do not hear except from him; the agent does not speak, and the Duchess is dead.
The interesting thing about this poem and the previous poem by Tennyson is the fact that they combine the qualities of two genres : poetry and drama.
"My Last Duchess" is a poem, a lyric in particular, but it is also dramatic. The poet does not speak, instead he allows the persona (the Duke) to express himself throughout the poem.
The strength of the poem lies in revealing indirectly to the reader personal qualities of the speaker.
The language of the poem is simple and straightforward, and this is expected because the whole poem is based on a conversation between the Duke(who is very talkative) and the agent who is silent.
One of the mysteries of the poem is the character of the agent.
One of the signs of excellent poetry is to leave the reader with some ambiguity about the subject.
"My last Duchess", in addition to the silence of the agent, it leaves us unsure about the character of the Duchess herself.
Could not the Duke himself be unnecessarily sensitive, jealous, paranoid, a cold-blooded murderer, and a failed husband(note that he has been married several times).

thanxxxxxxxxxx

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